HomeVolumesJMA, vol. XXI, iss. 3, 2018THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PLACENTATION

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PLACENTATION

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Article Title: THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PLACENTATION
Authors: Voicu Daşcău1, Cristina Onel1, Iman Ait El Haj2,Maria Puşchiţa3
Affiliation: 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecalogy, „Vasile Goldiş” Western University, Arad, Romania
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecalogy, Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Arad, Romania
3Department of Internal Medicine, „Vasile Goldiş” Western University, Arad, Romania
Abstract: Placentation is a complex spatial and temporal process, involving manu local and general factors, both placental and maternal. The vasculogenesis of the placenta is evident after 21 days of amenorrhea and ends at 10 weeks. Trophoblastic invasion, ranging from 8 to 18 weeks, has two spatial pathways, interstitial and endovascular. During the second trimester, the second stage of endovascular trophoblastic invasion extends into the lumen of spiraling arteries deeper in the myometrium, and the vessels turn into dilated vessels with thin walls, which are passive pathways for increased uteroplacental blood flow from pregnancy. This process is guided and controlled by enzymes, proliferation markers, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix degradation, oxygen tension, immunological factors, insulin-like growth factor, placental fibroblasts and placental macrophages, vasoactive factors, and angiogenic factors.
Keywords: placenta, trophoblast, pregnancy, endometrium, decidua
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