ROMANIAN PHARMACOPOEIA VERSUS ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY AS ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME WATER SOURCES FROM THE WESTERN AND SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF ROMANIA

This is an automatically generated default intro template – please do not edit.

	Read full article
Article Title:	ROMANIAN PHARMACOPOEIA VERSUS ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY AS ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME WATER SOURCES FROM THE WESTERN AND SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF ROMANIA
Authors:	Mihai-Cosmin Pascariu1, Ana Lucia Ciobotaru1, Tiberiu Tulucan2,3, Mariana Nela Ștefănuț4, Adina Cătă4, Ionița Firuța Fițigău4, Ioana Ienașcu1,4*
Affiliation:	1 “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, 86 Liviu Rebreanu, 310045, Arad, Romania 2 “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, Izoi – Moneasa Center of Ecological Monitoring, 94 Revoluției Blvd., 310025, Arad, Romania 3 Romanian Society of Geography, Arad subsidiary, 2B Vasile Conta, 310422, Arad, Romania 4 National Institute for Research&Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 144 Dr. A. Păunescu Podeanu, 300569, Timișoara, Romania
Abstract:	Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are regarded as common pollutants of our environment, with both natural and anthropogenic origins. Some of them can form highly poisonous compounds which, when inhaled or swallowed, affect almost every organ and system in the body and thus pose a serious threat to both the stability of the ecosystems and the human health. A series of samples from water sources located in the western and south-western part of Romania was analyzed according to the methods prescribed in the Romanian Pharmacopoeia to assess their levels of heavy metals and other ions, both cations and anions. The results were compared and supplemented with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry and microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry for specific elements, namely aluminium, arsenic, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc.
Keywords:	heavy metals, Romanian Pharmacopoeia, colorimetry, atomic spectrometry, water pollution
References:	Adal A, Wiener S.W., Metal toxicity, Medscape.org, 2014, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/814960-overview (viewed June 2014). Albulescu M, Mâșu S, Uruioc S, Krstič V, Turuga L, Popa M, Evaluation of pollution with heavy metals in Bârzava river, Romania, Annals of West University of Timișoara – Series of Chemistry, 20(1), 97-102, 2012. Bradl HB (ed.), Heavy metals in the environment: origin, interaction and remediation, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005. Carrondo MJT, Lester JN, Perry R, Stoveland S, Analysis of heavy metals in sewage sludge, sewages and final effluent, Public Health and Water Resource Engineering Section, Civil Engineering Department, Imperial College, London, 1978. Chiriac VA, Popovici H, Biriescu CA, Pollution with heavy metals of Bega channel water and of rain water collected from a roof from Timişoara, Annals of West University of Timișoara – Series of Chemistry, 19(4), 1-8, 2010. Cotrău M, Popa L, Stan T, Preda N, Kincses-Ajtay M, Toxicologie, „Didactică și Pedagogică‟ Publisher, București, 1991. Crivineanu Faier M, Dumitrel GA, Perju D, Experimental modeling of heavy metals concentration distribution in rivers, Chem. Bull. “Politehnica” Univ. (Timișoara) – Series of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 56(70), 38-42, 2011. Diaconu G, Cloșani Cave: mineralogical and genetic study of carbonates and clays, Institutul de Speologie “Emil Racoviță” Publisher, București, 1990. Duffus JH, “Heavy metals” – a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure Appl. Chem., 74(5), 793-807, 2002. Dunnicliff HB, Mohammad S, The action of hydrogen sulphide on solutions of nitric acid, J. Phys. Chem., 33(9), 1343–1362, 1929. Gafencu M, Substanțe cu potențial toxic în pediatrie, “Brumar” Publisher, Timișoara, 2008. Grd D, Dobsa J, Simunic-Meznaric V, Tompic T, Analysis of heavy metals concentration in wastewater along highways in Croatia, CIT. Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 20(3), 209-215, 2012. Ionescu D, Toxicologie. Lucrări practice (partea I), Lito Publisher, 2003. Jurcă OA, Ciobotaru A, Pascariu MC, Analysis of heavy metals in rivers from Arad County, “The Academic Days of Arad – 24th edition”, 16-18 May 2014, Arad, Romania. Lenntech: WHO/EU drinking water standards comparative table, http://www.lenntech.com/who-eu-water-standards.htm (viewed June 2014). Mebrahtu G, Zerabruk S, Concentration of heavy metals in drinking water from urban areas of the Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia, Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 3(1), 105-121, 2011. Negrea Ș, Negrea A, Ad aquas Herculi sacras, “Timpul” Publisher, Reșița, 2002. Ngila MN, Environmental study and monitoring of undesirable chemical substances in fish/seafood: a proposal for Lake Victoria, Kenya, 2008. Obradović L, Milenović S, Stanković S, Stepanović Z, Albulescu M, Urioc S, Filimon N, Using of neutralization process for purification of drainage wastewaters from underground mine Jama Bor, Annals of West University of Timișoara – Series of Chemistry, 20(4), 127-132, 2011. Ogoyi DO, Mwita CJ, Nguu EK, Shiundu PM, Determination of heavy metal content in water, sediment and microalgae from Lake Victoria, East Africa, The Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 4, 156-161, 2011. Pütz P, Heavy metals analysis (practice report), https://www.hach-lange.co.uk/view/HlPDFDownloadController;jsessionid=2F6264BC1702973EB9BC4CC4BBBEBF71.worker1?mediaCode=76937 (downloaded May 2014). PerkinElmer, Atomic Spectroscopy – A Guide to Selecting the Appropriate Technique and System, http://www.perkinelmer.com/pdfs/downloads/bro_worldleaderaaicpmsicpms.pdf (downloaded July 2014). Romanian Government, Legea nr. 311 din 28 iunie 2004, http://www.rowater.ro/dacrisuri/Documente%20Repository/Legislatie/gospodarirea%20apelor/LEGE%20311_28.06.2004.pdf (downloaded June 2014). Romanian Government, Ordinul nr. 161 din 16 februarie 2006, http://www.rowater.ro/dacrisuri/Documente%20Repository/Legislatie/gospodarirea%20apelor/ORD.%20161_16.02.2006.pdf (downloaded June 2014). Romanian Pharmacopoeia, 10th edition, 1993. ScienceLab.com, Material safety data sheet listing, http://www.sciencelab.com/msdsList.php (viewed July 2014). Senila M, Levei E, Miclean M, Tanaselia C, David L, Cordos E, Study regarding the water quality in Aries catchment, Chem. Bull. “Politehnica” Univ. (Timișoara) – Series of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 52(66), 169-172, 2007. Tabari S, Saravi SSS, Bandany GA, Dehghan A, Shokrzadeh M, Heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) in fish, water and sediments sampled form Southern Caspian Sea, Iran, Toxicol. Ind. Health, 26(10), 649-656, 2010. Ujvári I, Geografia apelor României, “Științifică” Publisher, București, 1972. Uruioc S, Mâșu S, Albulescu M, Popa M, Preliminary study regarding the heavy metal concentration in some surface waters from the Ocna de Fier mining area, Banat, Annals of West University of Timișoara – Series of Chemistry, 19(1), 9-16, 2010.
*Correspondence:	: Ioana Ienașcu, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 86 Liviu Rebreanu, 310045, Arad, Romania, Tel. +40-720-647622, email: imcienascu@yahoo.com