MICROALBUMINURIA – MORE THAN A RENAL FUNCTION INDICATOR FOR HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ASSOCIATED CHRONIC DISEASES

MICROALBUMINURIA – MORE THAN A RENAL FUNCTION INDICATOR FOR HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ASSOCIATED CHRONIC DISEASES

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Title:	MICROALBUMINURIA – MORE THAN A RENAL FUNCTION INDICATOR FOR HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ASSOCIATED CHRONIC DISEASES
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Article_Title:	MICROALBUMINURIA – MORE THAN A RENAL FUNCTION INDICATOR FOR HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ASSOCIATED CHRONIC DISEASES
Authors:	Popa Călin1, Puşchiţă Maria2
Affiliation:	1Histology department, Faculty of General Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine from „Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad Medicine, Emergency County Hospital of Timisoara; 2Internal Medicine department, Faculty of General Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine from „Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad Medicine, Emergency County Hospital of Arad.
Abstract:	The main objective of our research was to determine if microalbuminuria can be alone a cardiovascular predictor and if it influenced by the treatment changes. It is known that microalbuminuria is specific for patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension and it is measured to monitor the progression of kidney disease. Many scientists demonstrated that microalbuminuria levels indicates the age of the hypertensive disease and the effectiveness of treatment, and it can be reversible when it has low levels. When it is compared with a cardiovascular risk calculator based on the Framingham risk score chart, microalbuminuria indicates almost the same results.
Keywords:	microalbuminuria, proteinuria, cardiovascular risk.
References:	1. Mogensen CE: Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 310: 356–360, 1984. 2. Berrut G, Bouhanick B, Fabbri P, Guilloteau G, Bled F, Le Jeune JJ, Fressinaud P, Marre M: Microalbuminuria as a predictor of a drop in glomerular filtration rate in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Clin. Nephrol. 48:92–97, 1997. 3. Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Janssen WM, Hillege HL, Navis G, De Zeeuw D, De Jong PE: Urinary albumin excretion is associated with renal functional abnormalities in a non-diabetic population. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11:1882–1888, 2000. 4. Keane WF, Brenner BM, de Zeeuw D, Grunfeld JP, McGill J, Mitch WE, Ribeiro AB, Shahinfar S, Simpson RL, Snapinn SM, Toto R: The risk of developing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: the RENAAL study. Kidney Int. 63:1499–1507, 2003. 5. Guidelines Committee. 2003 European Society of Hypertension – European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J. Hypertens. 21: 1011–53; 2003. 6. Boersma C, Maarten J, Visser ST, et al. Baseline albuminuria predicts the efficacy of blood pressure-lowering drugs in preventing cardiovascular events, BJCP, 2008. 7. Ai M, Otokozawa S, Asztalos BF, Ito Y, Nakajima K, White CC, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ: Small dense LDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease: results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Clin Chem. 56 (6):967-76; 2010. 8. Cheng S, Lyass A, Massaro JM, O’Connor GT, Keaney JF, Jr., Vasan RS: Exhaled carbon monoxide and risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in the community. Circulation 12;122(15):1470-7; 2010. 9. “Cardiovascular Risk Calculator and Chart v3.0”. Cvrisk.mvm.ed.ac.uk. 2010. 10. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group Ann Intern Med. 16;130(6):461-70;1999. 11. De Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, Keane WF, Zhang, Z, Shahinfar S, Snapinn S, Cooper ME, Mitch WE, Brenner – BM: Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int 65: 2309–2320, 2004. 12. Zandi-Nejad K, Eddy AA, Glassock RJ, Brenner BM: Why is proteinuria an ominous biomarker of progressive kidney disease? Kidney Int Suppl 92: S76–S89, 2004. 13. Pedrinelli R, Dell’Omo G, Di Bello V, Pontremoli R,Mariani M. Microalbuminuria, an integrated marker of cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 16: 79–89; 2002. 14. Hillege HL, Janssen WMT, Bak AA, Diercks GF, Grobbee DE, Crijns HJ, van Gilst WH, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE; Prevend Study Group. Microalbuminuria is common, also in a nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, and an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity. J Intern Med 249: 519–26; 2001. 15. NE, Wareham NJ; European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Population Study: Microalbuminuria independently predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a British population: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) population study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 33: 189–198, 2004.
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Article Title:	MICROALBUMINURIA – MORE THAN A RENAL FUNCTION INDICATOR FOR HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ASSOCIATED CHRONIC DISEASES
Authors:	Popa Călin1, Puşchiţă Maria2
Affiliation:	1Histology department, Faculty of General Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine from „Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad Medicine, Emergency County Hospital of Timisoara; 2Internal Medicine department, Faculty of General Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine from „Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad Medicine, Emergency County Hospital of Arad.
Abstract:	The main objective of our research was to determine if microalbuminuria can be alone a cardiovascular predictor and if it influenced by the treatment changes. It is known that microalbuminuria is specific for patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension and it is measured to monitor the progression of kidney disease. Many scientists demonstrated that microalbuminuria levels indicates the age of the hypertensive disease and the effectiveness of treatment, and it can be reversible when it has low levels. When it is compared with a cardiovascular risk calculator based on the Framingham risk score chart, microalbuminuria indicates almost the same results.
Keywords:	microalbuminuria, proteinuria, cardiovascular risk.
References:	1. Mogensen CE: Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 310: 356–360, 1984. 2. Berrut G, Bouhanick B, Fabbri P, Guilloteau G, Bled F, Le Jeune JJ, Fressinaud P, Marre M: Microalbuminuria as a predictor of a drop in glomerular filtration rate in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Clin. Nephrol. 48:92–97, 1997. 3. Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Janssen WM, Hillege HL, Navis G, De Zeeuw D, De Jong PE: Urinary albumin excretion is associated with renal functional abnormalities in a non-diabetic population. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11:1882–1888, 2000. 4. Keane WF, Brenner BM, de Zeeuw D, Grunfeld JP, McGill J, Mitch WE, Ribeiro AB, Shahinfar S, Simpson RL, Snapinn SM, Toto R: The risk of developing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: the RENAAL study. Kidney Int. 63:1499–1507, 2003. 5. Guidelines Committee. 2003 European Society of Hypertension – European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J. Hypertens. 21: 1011–53; 2003. 6. Boersma C, Maarten J, Visser ST, et al. Baseline albuminuria predicts the efficacy of blood pressure-lowering drugs in preventing cardiovascular events, BJCP, 2008. 7. Ai M, Otokozawa S, Asztalos BF, Ito Y, Nakajima K, White CC, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ: Small dense LDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease: results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Clin Chem. 56 (6):967-76; 2010. 8. Cheng S, Lyass A, Massaro JM, O’Connor GT, Keaney JF, Jr., Vasan RS: Exhaled carbon monoxide and risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in the community. Circulation 12;122(15):1470-7; 2010. 9. “Cardiovascular Risk Calculator and Chart v3.0”. Cvrisk.mvm.ed.ac.uk. 2010. 10. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group Ann Intern Med. 16;130(6):461-70;1999. 11. De Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, Keane WF, Zhang, Z, Shahinfar S, Snapinn S, Cooper ME, Mitch WE, Brenner – BM: Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int 65: 2309–2320, 2004. 12. Zandi-Nejad K, Eddy AA, Glassock RJ, Brenner BM: Why is proteinuria an ominous biomarker of progressive kidney disease? Kidney Int Suppl 92: S76–S89, 2004. 13. Pedrinelli R, Dell’Omo G, Di Bello V, Pontremoli R,Mariani M. Microalbuminuria, an integrated marker of cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 16: 79–89; 2002. 14. Hillege HL, Janssen WMT, Bak AA, Diercks GF, Grobbee DE, Crijns HJ, van Gilst WH, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE; Prevend Study Group. Microalbuminuria is common, also in a nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, and an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity. J Intern Med 249: 519–26; 2001. 15. NE, Wareham NJ; European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Population Study: Microalbuminuria independently predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a British population: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) population study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 33: 189–198, 2004.
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