Human endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and ACE inhibitors


Human endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and ACE inhibitors

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Title: Human endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and ACE inhibitors
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Article_Title: Human endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and ACE inhibitors
Authors: Valentina Buda1*, Minodora Andor2, Carmen Cristescu1, Mirela Voicu1, Liana Suciu1, Maria Suciu1, Cleopatra Tomescu2
Affiliation: 1University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy
2University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Medecine
Abstract: During the last decades, the role of the vascular endothelium has been well documented and investigated and all the studies that were made lead to the conclusion that this vascular endothelium isn’t just a monolayer and a simple barrier, but a complex organ with various functions. This monolayer provides a “first line” physiological defense against atherosclerosis and it is considered to play an important role in inflammation and angiogenesis.
The mature endothelial cells are involved in the repairement of the monolayer injury, thus having a limited capacity of recovery, thing that has lead to the investigation of the circulating endothelial progenitor cells and their role in this vascular healing.
Recent studies showed that these cells have a huge role in the fast endothelization of the areas touched by the vascular damage and that several cardiovascular risk factors, but also several cardiovascular diseases decrease the number and function of these helpful and important cells.
The treatment with ACE inhibitors seems to normalize and reverse not only the high blood pressure but also the number of the endothelial progenitor cells, and by this also the endothelial dysfunction.
In this review, we summarize the most important aspects about endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension , ACE inhibitors and also what they have in common.
Keywords: stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, EPCs, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, ACE inhibitors.
References: 1. Timmermans F., Plum J., Yoder M. C., Ingram D. A., Vandekerckhove B., Case J., Endothelial progenitor cells: identity defined?. J. Cell. Mol. Med. , Vol 13, No 1, 2009, pp 87-102
2. Carmeliet P. , Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, Nat Med, 2000; 6:389-95
3. Ribatti D., Nico B., crivellato E., Vacca A., Endothelial progenitor cells in health and disease, Histol Histopathol, 2005, 20: 1351-1358
4. Murray P.D.F, The development in vitro of blood of the chick embryo, Proc. Royal Soc. B, 1934, 111, 497 – 527
5. Choi K., Kennedy M., Kazarov A., Papadimitriou J.C. and Keller C., A common precursor for hematopoetic and endothelial cells, Development, 1998, 725 – 732
6. Risau W., Flamme I, Vasculogenesis, Annu. Rev. Cell Biol, 1995, 11, 73-91
7. Yoder M.C., Papaioannou V.E., Breitfeld P.P. and Williams D.A. , Murine yolk sac endoderm-and mesoderm-derived cell lines support in vitro growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, Blood, 1994, 83, 2436 – 2443.
8. Fennie C., Cheng J., Dowbenko D., Young P. and Lasky L.A., CD34+ endothelial cell lines derived from murine yolk sac induce the proliferation and differentiation of yolk sac CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, Blood, 1995, 86, 4454 – 4467.
9. Lu L., Wang S. J. and Auerbach R., In vitro and in vivo differentiation into B cells, T cells and myeloid cells of primitive yolk sac hematopoietic precursor cells expanded >100-fold by coculture with a clonal yolk sac endothelial cell line, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996, 93, 14782 – 14787
10. Haldovec J., Prerovsky I., Stanek V. and Fabian J., Circulating endothelial cells in acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, Klin. Wochenschr. , 1978, 56, 1033-1036.
11. Grefte A., Van der Giessen M., Van Son W. and The T.H., Circulating cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected endothelial cells in patients with an active CMV infection, J. Infect. Dis., 1993, 167, 270-277.
12. Lefevre P., George F., Durand J.M. and Sampol J., Detection of circulating endothelial cells in thrombocytopenic purpura, Thromb. Haemost., 1993, 69, 522 – 532
13. Solovey A., Li Y., Browne P., Chlong S., Wayner E., and Hebbel R.P., Circulating activated endothelial cell in sickle anemia, New Engl. J. Med., 1997, 337, 1584 – 1590.
14. Sato T.N., Quin Y., Kozak C. A. and Audus K.L., Tie-1 and tie-2 define another class of putative receptor tyrosine kinase genes expressed in early embryonic vascular system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1993, 90, 9355-9358
15. Schnurch H. and Risau W., Expression of tie-2, a member of a novel family of receptor tyrosine kinases, in the endothelial cell lineage, Development, 1993, 119, 957 – 968
16. Vittet D., Prandini M.H., Berthier R., Schweitzer A., Martin – Sisteron H., Uzan G. and Dejana E., Embryonic stem cells differentiate in vitro to endothelial cells through successive maturation steps, Blood, 1996, 88, 3424-3431
17. Eichmann A., Corbel C., Nataf V., Breant C. and Le douarin N.M., Ligand-dependent development of the endothelial and hematopoietic lineages from embryonic mesodermal cells expressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA, 1997, 5141 – 5146
18. Suda T., Takakura N. and Oike Y., Hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, Int. J. Hematol., 2000, 71, 99 – 107
19. Lyden D. et al., Impaired recruitment of bone-marrow-derived endothelial and hematopoietic precursor cells blocks tumor angiogenesis and growth, Nat. Med., 2001, 7, 1194 – 1201
20. Asahara T. et al, Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis, Science, 1997, 275, 965 – 967
21. Yin A.H. et al., AC133, a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, Blood, 1997, 90, 5002 – 5012.
22. Gehling U.M. et al, In vitro differentiation of endothelial cells from CD-133 positive progenitor cells, Blood, 2000, 3106 – 3112
23. Aicher A. et al., Essential role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase for mobilization of stem and progenitor cells, Nat. Med., 2003, 9, 1370 – 1376
24. Kalka C. et al., Transplantation of ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells for therapeutic neovascularization, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 3422 – 3427
25. Natalia Antonio, Rosa Fernandes et al., Stimulation of endothelial progenitor cells: a new putative effect of several cardiovascular drugs, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2010, 66:219 – 230
26. Khoo C et al., Endothelial progenitor cells and their potential therapeutic applications, Regen Med, 2008, 3:863 – 876
27. Endemann DH, Schiffrin EL, Endothelial dysfunction, J Am Soc Nephrol, 2004, 15:1983 – 1992
28. Feletou M et al., Endothelial dysfunction: a multifaceted disorder (The Wiggers Award Lecture), Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2006, 291:H985 – H1002
29. Pola R et al., Comparative analysis of the in vivo angiogenic properties of stable prostacyclin analogs: a possible role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2008, 36:363-370
30. Yang Z., Ming X-F, Recent advances in understanding endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, Clin Med Res, 2006, 4:53-65
31. Geft D. et al., Circulating endothelial progenitors cells in cardiovascular disorders, Expert Rev cardiovasc Ther, 2008, 6:1115-1121
32. Yamahara K et al., Potential use of endothelial progenitor cells for regeneration of the vasculature, Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis, 2009, 3:17-27
33. Hristov M, Weber C, Endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair and remodeling, Pharmacol Res, 2008, 58:148-151
34. Peichev M et al., Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors, Blood, 2000, 85:952-958
35. Jean Sebastien Silvestre, Bernard I. Levy, Circulating progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes: latest evidence on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Europ Heart J Supp, 2009, 11, E17-E21
36. Imanishi T. et al., Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces endothelial progenitor cell senescence, leading to cellular dysfunction, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2004, 31:407-413
37. Besler C et al., Pharmacological approaches to improve endothelial repair mechanisms, Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6:1071-1082
38. Ghiadoni L et al., Ramipril dose-dependently increases nitric oxide availability in the radial artery of essential hypertension patients, J Hypertens ,2007, 25:361-366
39. Anthony I et al., Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition restores flow-dependent and cold pressor test-induced dilatations in coronary arteries of hypertensive patients, Circulation, 1996, 94:3115-3122
40. Ghiadoni L et al., Different effect of antihypertensive drugs on conduit artery endothelial function, Hypertension, 2003, 41:1281-1286
41. Wang C. et al., Enalapril increases ischemia-induced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization through manipulation of the CD26 system, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2006, 41:34-43
42. Min TQ et al., Improvement in endothelial progenitor cells from pheripheral blood by Ramipril therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease, Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 2004, 18:203-209
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Article Title: Human endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and ACE inhibitors
Authors: Valentina Buda1*, Minodora Andor2, Carmen Cristescu1, Mirela Voicu1, Liana Suciu1, Maria Suciu1, Cleopatra Tomescu2
Affiliation: 1University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy
2University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Medecine
Abstract: During the last decades, the role of the vascular endothelium has been well documented and investigated and all the studies that were made lead to the conclusion that this vascular endothelium isn’t just a monolayer and a simple barrier, but a complex organ with various functions. This monolayer provides a “first line” physiological defense against atherosclerosis and it is considered to play an important role in inflammation and angiogenesis.
The mature endothelial cells are involved in the repairement of the monolayer injury, thus having a limited capacity of recovery, thing that has lead to the investigation of the circulating endothelial progenitor cells and their role in this vascular healing.
Recent studies showed that these cells have a huge role in the fast endothelization of the areas touched by the vascular damage and that several cardiovascular risk factors, but also several cardiovascular diseases decrease the number and function of these helpful and important cells.
The treatment with ACE inhibitors seems to normalize and reverse not only the high blood pressure but also the number of the endothelial progenitor cells, and by this also the endothelial dysfunction.
In this review, we summarize the most important aspects about endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension , ACE inhibitors and also what they have in common.
Keywords: stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, EPCs, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, ACE inhibitors.
References: 1. Timmermans F., Plum J., Yoder M. C., Ingram D. A., Vandekerckhove B., Case J., Endothelial progenitor cells: identity defined?. J. Cell. Mol. Med. , Vol 13, No 1, 2009, pp 87-102
2. Carmeliet P. , Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, Nat Med, 2000; 6:389-95
3. Ribatti D., Nico B., crivellato E., Vacca A., Endothelial progenitor cells in health and disease, Histol Histopathol, 2005, 20: 1351-1358
4. Murray P.D.F, The development in vitro of blood of the chick embryo, Proc. Royal Soc. B, 1934, 111, 497 – 527
5. Choi K., Kennedy M., Kazarov A., Papadimitriou J.C. and Keller C., A common precursor for hematopoetic and endothelial cells, Development, 1998, 725 – 732
6. Risau W., Flamme I, Vasculogenesis, Annu. Rev. Cell Biol, 1995, 11, 73-91
7. Yoder M.C., Papaioannou V.E., Breitfeld P.P. and Williams D.A. , Murine yolk sac endoderm-and mesoderm-derived cell lines support in vitro growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, Blood, 1994, 83, 2436 – 2443.
8. Fennie C., Cheng J., Dowbenko D., Young P. and Lasky L.A., CD34+ endothelial cell lines derived from murine yolk sac induce the proliferation and differentiation of yolk sac CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, Blood, 1995, 86, 4454 – 4467.
9. Lu L., Wang S. J. and Auerbach R., In vitro and in vivo differentiation into B cells, T cells and myeloid cells of primitive yolk sac hematopoietic precursor cells expanded >100-fold by coculture with a clonal yolk sac endothelial cell line, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996, 93, 14782 – 14787
10. Haldovec J., Prerovsky I., Stanek V. and Fabian J., Circulating endothelial cells in acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, Klin. Wochenschr. , 1978, 56, 1033-1036.
11. Grefte A., Van der Giessen M., Van Son W. and The T.H., Circulating cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected endothelial cells in patients with an active CMV infection, J. Infect. Dis., 1993, 167, 270-277.
12. Lefevre P., George F., Durand J.M. and Sampol J., Detection of circulating endothelial cells in thrombocytopenic purpura, Thromb. Haemost., 1993, 69, 522 – 532
13. Solovey A., Li Y., Browne P., Chlong S., Wayner E., and Hebbel R.P., Circulating activated endothelial cell in sickle anemia, New Engl. J. Med., 1997, 337, 1584 – 1590.
14. Sato T.N., Quin Y., Kozak C. A. and Audus K.L., Tie-1 and tie-2 define another class of putative receptor tyrosine kinase genes expressed in early embryonic vascular system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1993, 90, 9355-9358
15. Schnurch H. and Risau W., Expression of tie-2, a member of a novel family of receptor tyrosine kinases, in the endothelial cell lineage, Development, 1993, 119, 957 – 968
16. Vittet D., Prandini M.H., Berthier R., Schweitzer A., Martin – Sisteron H., Uzan G. and Dejana E., Embryonic stem cells differentiate in vitro to endothelial cells through successive maturation steps, Blood, 1996, 88, 3424-3431
17. Eichmann A., Corbel C., Nataf V., Breant C. and Le douarin N.M., Ligand-dependent development of the endothelial and hematopoietic lineages from embryonic mesodermal cells expressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA, 1997, 5141 – 5146
18. Suda T., Takakura N. and Oike Y., Hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, Int. J. Hematol., 2000, 71, 99 – 107
19. Lyden D. et al., Impaired recruitment of bone-marrow-derived endothelial and hematopoietic precursor cells blocks tumor angiogenesis and growth, Nat. Med., 2001, 7, 1194 – 1201
20. Asahara T. et al, Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis, Science, 1997, 275, 965 – 967
21. Yin A.H. et al., AC133, a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, Blood, 1997, 90, 5002 – 5012.
22. Gehling U.M. et al, In vitro differentiation of endothelial cells from CD-133 positive progenitor cells, Blood, 2000, 3106 – 3112
23. Aicher A. et al., Essential role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase for mobilization of stem and progenitor cells, Nat. Med., 2003, 9, 1370 – 1376
24. Kalka C. et al., Transplantation of ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells for therapeutic neovascularization, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 3422 – 3427
25. Natalia Antonio, Rosa Fernandes et al., Stimulation of endothelial progenitor cells: a new putative effect of several cardiovascular drugs, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2010, 66:219 – 230
26. Khoo C et al., Endothelial progenitor cells and their potential therapeutic applications, Regen Med, 2008, 3:863 – 876
27. Endemann DH, Schiffrin EL, Endothelial dysfunction, J Am Soc Nephrol, 2004, 15:1983 – 1992
28. Feletou M et al., Endothelial dysfunction: a multifaceted disorder (The Wiggers Award Lecture), Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2006, 291:H985 – H1002
29. Pola R et al., Comparative analysis of the in vivo angiogenic properties of stable prostacyclin analogs: a possible role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2008, 36:363-370
30. Yang Z., Ming X-F, Recent advances in understanding endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, Clin Med Res, 2006, 4:53-65
31. Geft D. et al., Circulating endothelial progenitors cells in cardiovascular disorders, Expert Rev cardiovasc Ther, 2008, 6:1115-1121
32. Yamahara K et al., Potential use of endothelial progenitor cells for regeneration of the vasculature, Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis, 2009, 3:17-27
33. Hristov M, Weber C, Endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair and remodeling, Pharmacol Res, 2008, 58:148-151
34. Peichev M et al., Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors, Blood, 2000, 85:952-958
35. Jean Sebastien Silvestre, Bernard I. Levy, Circulating progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes: latest evidence on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Europ Heart J Supp, 2009, 11, E17-E21
36. Imanishi T. et al., Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces endothelial progenitor cell senescence, leading to cellular dysfunction, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2004, 31:407-413
37. Besler C et al., Pharmacological approaches to improve endothelial repair mechanisms, Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6:1071-1082
38. Ghiadoni L et al., Ramipril dose-dependently increases nitric oxide availability in the radial artery of essential hypertension patients, J Hypertens ,2007, 25:361-366
39. Anthony I et al., Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition restores flow-dependent and cold pressor test-induced dilatations in coronary arteries of hypertensive patients, Circulation, 1996, 94:3115-3122
40. Ghiadoni L et al., Different effect of antihypertensive drugs on conduit artery endothelial function, Hypertension, 2003, 41:1281-1286
41. Wang C. et al., Enalapril increases ischemia-induced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization through manipulation of the CD26 system, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2006, 41:34-43
42. Min TQ et al., Improvement in endothelial progenitor cells from pheripheral blood by Ramipril therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease, Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 2004, 18:203-209
*Correspondence: